Mervat Zakaria‏‏

The ongoing nuclear negotiations between Iran and the United States, which started on April 12, 2025, have sparked widespread controversy within the fundamentalist camp in Iran. This opposition has intensified in light of recent developments, particularly after certain U.S. officials calling for the dismantlement of Iran’s nuclear program and a complete cessation of uranium enrichment activities. Meanwhile, fundamentalists have signaled that the country may consider an alternative course of action. These may include military measures, should the negotiations demand ‘unacceptable’ concessions, or fail to include credible guarantees against a future U.S. withdrawal from any potential agreement.

Why Do Iran’s Fundamentalists Oppose the Nuclear Negotiations with Washington?

Political Equilibria:

The hijab and chastity law, issued not long after Ebrahim Raisi’s government took office, has led to increasing repression in Iran. In particular, this law mandates the use of facial recognition technology to identify those who do not comply with the so-called "proper hijab," thus restricting the public movements of Iranian women. The death of a young Iranian woman, Mahsa Amini—who was stopped and detained by the Iranian morality police in Tehran before she slipped into a coma and died under mysterious circumstances—has stoked anger among women in Iran. Some Iranian women have launched a social media campaign against "forced hijab," showing them cutting their hair and burning their headscarves.

Dimensions and Repercussions of Women’s Protests in Iran

Increasing Tension:

On 15 September, Iran’s Foreign Minister Hossein Amir Abdollahian appointed Ali Bagheri Kani as Deputy Foreign Minister for Political Affairs, a hardline diplomat and former liaison officer between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the newly-elected President Ebrahim Raisi.

Mervat Zakaria‏‏

Mervat Zakaria‏‏

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